Senin, 17 Agustus 2009

Egg In Bottle


Here's an amazing way to get a hard-boiled egg into a bottle, even though the mouth of the bottle is smaller than the egg! What's more, you don't even need to touch the egg to get it to go in!

For this experiment you will need:

• a hard-boiled egg
• a glass bottle with a mouth just slightly smaller than the egg (a fruit-drink bottle works well)
• a 8-cm by 8-cm (3-inch by 3-inch) piece of newspaper
• a match

Remove the shell from the egg. Set the egg on the mouth of the bottle to see that the egg does not fit through the mouth.

Fold the piece of newspaper into a strip that can be dropped into the bottle, about 1 cm by 8 cm.

Light the match and use it to ignite the folded strip of paper. Remove the egg from the mouth of the bottle and drop the burning strip of paper into the bottle. Before the fire goes out, set the egg back onto the mouth of the bottle. Within a few seconds the egg will squeeze through the mouth and into the bottle.

As it entered the bottle, the egg may have broken into pieces. This happens when the diameter of the egg is more than about 0.5 cm (about 3/16 inch) larger than the diameter of the bottle's opening. A medium or small egg may be small enough to enter the bottle without breaking. Also, rubbing some cooking oil onto the mouth of the bottle will make it easier for the egg to slide into the bottle without breaking.

A similar effect can be produced using a water-filled balloon in place of an egg. Just pour water into a round balloon to fill it without stretching it, then tie it shut. When the filled balloon is the size of an egg, it can be used in the same way as the hard-boiled egg.

Why does the egg slide into the bottle, even though no one is pushing it? Because the pressure of the air is pushing it. Before the burning paper was put into the bottle, the pressure of the air inside the bottle was the same as outside the bottle. The burning paper, however, heats the air inside the bottle. This causes the air inside to expand. When the egg is placed on top of the bottle, it seals the bottle, and the fire eventually goes out. When the fire goes out, the air inside the bottle cools. As it cools, the air contracts, and the pressure of the air inside the bottle becomes less than the pressure outside. Then, the higher outside pressure pushes the egg into the bottle!

Senin, 06 April 2009

contoh soal 2

1. Pada suhu kamar diketahui Ksp senyawa H2A sebesar 3,2 X 10-5. Tentukan pH jenuh H2A dalam air

Jawab

H2A —> 2H+ + A-

Ksp = 4s3

s = 2 X 10-233,2 X 10-54

[H+] = 4 X 10-2

pH = 2 – log 4

2. pH larutan jenuh L(OH)3 adalah 10, tentukan Ksp L(OH)3!

3. Diketahui Ksp AgCl = 1.6 X 10-10. Tentukan kelarutan AgCl dalam larutan AgNO3 0.1 M!

Jawab

Larutan AgNO3 (aq) —> Ag+ (aq) + NO3-(aq)

0.1 M 0.1 M 0.1 M

Konsentrasi Ag+ = 0.1 M dalam larutan merupakan konsentrasi awal. Kemudian ke dalam larutan ditambahkan AgCl. Jika yang larut adalah x maka:

AgNO3 (aq)–> Ag+ (aq) + NO3-(aq)

Awal : 0.1 M

Kelarutan : x M x M x M

Kesetimbangan: x M (0.1 + x)M x M

Pada keadaan setimbang konsentrasi [Ag+] = (0.1 + x) M. harga x sangat kecil sekali sehingga dapat diabaikan. Konsentrasi [Ag+] menjadi = 0.1 M

Ksp AgCl = [Ag+] [Cl-]

1.6 x 10-10 = (0.1) (s)

s = 1.6 x 10-9 mol L-1

jadi kelarutan AgCl dalam larutan AgNO3 0.1 M adalah 1.6 x 10-9 mol L-1

4. Jika Ksp AgI = 10-16, tentukan kelarutannya dalam

a. Air murni

b. Larutan KI 0.01 M

c. Larutan AgNO3 0.1 M

d. Larutan MgI2 0.005 M

5. Diketahui Ksp Mg(OH)2 = 6 x 10-12. Tentukan kelarutan Mg(OH)2 dalam larutan yang memiliki pH = 12!

6. Diketahui Ksp Ag2CrO4 = 2.4 x 10-12. Jika 25 mL larutan AgNO3 10-2 M dicampur dengan 75 mL larutan Na2CrO4 10-3M. apakah terjadi endapan?

Jawab

Setelah dicampurkan

[Ag2CrO4] = [Ag+] = 2.5 x 10-4 M

[Na2CrO4] = [CrO42-] = 7.5 x 10-4 M

Qc Ag2CrO4 = [Ag+] [CrO42-] = (2.5 x 10-4) (7.5 x 10-4) = 4.68 x 10-12

Qc > Ksp Ag2CrO4 sehingga terjadi pengendapan Ag2CrO4

7. Konsentrasi larutan kalium sulfat (K2SO4) sebesar 0.001 M ditambahka dalam suatu larutan yang mengandung ion Ca2+ 0.001 M dan Pb2+ 0.0005 M. manakah zat yang mengendap jika diketahui Ksp CaSO4 sebesar 3.4 x 10-4 dan Ksp PbSO4 sebesar 2.2 x 10-8?

8. Suatu larutan mengandung ion klorida, bromida, dan iodida dengan konsentrasi yang sama. Jika ke dalam larutan tersebut ditambahkan tetes demi tetes larutan AgNO3 0.01 M, manakah larutan yang akan mengendap terlebih dahulu?

(Ksp AgCl = 1.5 x 10-10; Ksp AgBr = 7.7 x 10-13; Ksp AgI = 0.9 x 10-16)